Part One What Is Biopsychology? 1 Biopsychology as a Neuroscience 1 What Is Biopsychology, Anyway?
Part Two Foundations of Biopsychology 2 Evolution, Genetics, and Experience 20 Thinking about the Biology of Behavior 3 Anatomy of the Nervous System 50 Systems, Structures, and Cells That Make Up Your Nervous System 4 Neural Conduction and Synaptic Transmission 75 How Neurons Send and Receive Signals 5 The Research Methods of Biopsychology 101 Understanding What Biopsychologists Do
Part Three Sensory and Motor Systems 6 The Visual System 131 How We See 7 Mechanisms of Perception: Hearing, Touch, Smell, Taste, and Attention 164 How You Know the World 8 The Sensorimotor System 191 How You Move
Part Four Brain Plasticity 9 Development of the Nervous System 219 From Fertilized Egg to You
10 Brain Damage and Neuroplasticity 240 Can the Brain Recover from Damage? 11 Learning, Memory, and Amnesia 268 How Your Brain Stores Information
Part Five Biopsychology of Motivation 12 Hunger, Eating, and Health 298 Why Do Many People Eat Too Much? 13 Hormones and Sex 327 What s Wrong with the Mamawawa? 14 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythms 355 How Much Do You Need to Sleep? 15 Drug Addiction and the Brain s Reward Circuits 383 Chemicals That Harm with Pleasure
Part Six Disorders of Cognition and Emotion 16 Lateralization, Language, and the Split Brain 411 The Left Brain and the Right Brain of Language 17 Biopsychology of Emotion, Stress, and Health 442 Fear, the Dark Side of Emotion 18 Biopsychology of Psychiatric Disorders 466 The Brain Unhinged
Brief Content
xvii To the Student xxiv About the Author xxiv
Part One What Is Biopsychology?
1 Biopsychology as a Neuroscience 1 What Is Biopsychology, Anyway?
The Case of Jimmie G., the Man Frozen in Time 2 Four Major Themes of This Book 3
1.1 What Is Biopsychology? 3
1.2 What Is the Relation between Biopsychology and the Other Disciplines of Neuroscience? 4
1.3 What Types of Research Characterize the Biopsychological Approach? 4 Human and Nonhuman Subjects 4 Experiments and Nonexperiments 5 Pure and Applied Research 7
1.4 What Are the Divisions of Biopsychology? 8 Physiological Psychology 9 Psychopharmacology 9 Neuropsychology 9 The Case of Mr. R., the Brain-Damaged Student Who Switched to Architecture 9 Psychophysiology 9 Cognitive Neuroscience 10 Comparative Psychology 11
1.5 Converging Operations: How Do Biopsychologists Work Together? 12
1.6 Scientific Inference: How Do Biopsychologists Study the Unobservable Workings of the Brain? 13
1.7 Critical Thinking about Biopsychological Claims 14 Case 1: José and the Bull 15 Case 2: Becky, Moniz, and Prefrontal Lobotomy 15
Themes Revisited 17 Think about It 18 Key Terms 18 Quick Review 19
Part Two Foundations of Biopsychology
2 Evolution, Genetics, and Experience 20 Thinking about the Biology of Behavior
2.1 Thinking about the Biology of Behavior: From Dichotomies to Interactions 21 Is It Physiological, or Is It Psychological? 21 Is It Inherited, or Is It Learned? 21 Problems with Thinking about the Biology of Behavior in Terms of Traditional Dichotomies 22 The Case of the Man Who Fell Out of Bed 22 The Case of the Chimps and the Mirrors 23 The Case of the Thinking Student 24
2.2 Human Evolution 24 Evolution and Behavior 26 Course of Human Evolution 27 Thinking about Human Evolution 29 Evolution of the Human Brain 31
Evolutionary Psychology: Understanding Mate Bonding 33 Thinking about Evolutionary Psychology 35
2.3 Fundamental Genetics 35 Mendelian Genetics 35 Chromosomes: Reproduction and Recombination 36 Chromosomes: Structure and Replication 36 Sex Chromosomes and Sex-Linked Traits 38 The Genetic Code and Gene Expression 38 Mitochondrial DNA 39 Modern Genetics 39
2.4 Behavioral Development: Interaction of Genetic Factors and Experience 42 Selective Breeding of Maze-Bright and Maze-Dull Rats 42 Phenylketonuria: A Single-Gene Metabolic Disorder 43 Development of Birdsong 44
2.5 Genetics of Human Psychological Differences 45 Development of Individuals versus Development of Differences among Individuals 46 Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart 46 Themes Revisited 48 Think about It 48 Key Terms 49 Quick Review 49 3 Anatomy of the Nervous System 50 Systems, Structures, and Cells That Make Up Your Nervous System
3.1 General Layout of the Nervous System 51 Divisions of the Nervous System 51 Meninges, Ventricles, and Cerebrospinal Fluid 53 Blood Brain Barrier 53
3.2 Cells of the Nervous System 55 Anatomy of Neurons 55 Glial Cells: The Forgotten Cells 57 3.3 Neuroanatomical Techniques and Directions 59 Neuroanatomical Techniques 59 Directions in the Vertebrate Nervous System 61 3.4 Spinal Cord 63 3.5 Five Major Divisions of the Brain 63 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 64 Myelencephalon 64 Metencephalon 65 Mesencephalon 65 Diencephalon 66 Telencephalon 66 The Limbic System and the Basal Ganglia 69 Themes Revisited 73 Think about It 74 Key Terms 74 Quick Review 74 4 Neural Conduction and Synaptic Transmission 75 How Neurons Send and Receive Signals
The Lizard, a Case of Parkinson s Disease 76 4.1 Resting Membrane Potential 76 Recording the Membrane Potential 76 Resting Membrane Potential 76 Ionic Basis of the Resting Potential 77 4.2 Generation and Conduction of Postsynaptic Potentials 79 4.3 Integration of Postsynaptic Potentials and Generation of Action Potentials 80 4.4 Conduction of Action Potentials 82 Ionic Basis of Action Potentials 82 Refractory Periods 83 Axonal Conduction of Action Potentials 83
Part Two Foundations of Biopsychology 2 Evolution, Genetics, and Experience 20 Thinking about the Biology of Behavior 3 Anatomy of the Nervous System 50 Systems, Structures, and Cells That Make Up Your Nervous System 4 Neural Conduction and Synaptic Transmission 75 How Neurons Send and Receive Signals 5 The Research Methods of Biopsychology 101 Understanding What Biopsychologists Do
Part Three Sensory and Motor Systems 6 The Visual System 131 How We See 7 Mechanisms of Perception: Hearing, Touch, Smell, Taste, and Attention 164 How You Know the World 8 The Sensorimotor System 191 How You Move
Part Four Brain Plasticity 9 Development of the Nervous System 219 From Fertilized Egg to You
10 Brain Damage and Neuroplasticity 240 Can the Brain Recover from Damage? 11 Learning, Memory, and Amnesia 268 How Your Brain Stores Information
Part Five Biopsychology of Motivation 12 Hunger, Eating, and Health 298 Why Do Many People Eat Too Much? 13 Hormones and Sex 327 What s Wrong with the Mamawawa? 14 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythms 355 How Much Do You Need to Sleep? 15 Drug Addiction and the Brain s Reward Circuits 383 Chemicals That Harm with Pleasure
Part Six Disorders of Cognition and Emotion 16 Lateralization, Language, and the Split Brain 411 The Left Brain and the Right Brain of Language 17 Biopsychology of Emotion, Stress, and Health 442 Fear, the Dark Side of Emotion 18 Biopsychology of Psychiatric Disorders 466 The Brain Unhinged
Brief Content
xvii To the Student xxiv About the Author xxiv
Part One What Is Biopsychology?
1 Biopsychology as a Neuroscience 1 What Is Biopsychology, Anyway?
The Case of Jimmie G., the Man Frozen in Time 2 Four Major Themes of This Book 3
1.1 What Is Biopsychology? 3
1.2 What Is the Relation between Biopsychology and the Other Disciplines of Neuroscience? 4
1.3 What Types of Research Characterize the Biopsychological Approach? 4 Human and Nonhuman Subjects 4 Experiments and Nonexperiments 5 Pure and Applied Research 7
1.4 What Are the Divisions of Biopsychology? 8 Physiological Psychology 9 Psychopharmacology 9 Neuropsychology 9 The Case of Mr. R., the Brain-Damaged Student Who Switched to Architecture 9 Psychophysiology 9 Cognitive Neuroscience 10 Comparative Psychology 11
1.5 Converging Operations: How Do Biopsychologists Work Together? 12
1.6 Scientific Inference: How Do Biopsychologists Study the Unobservable Workings of the Brain? 13
1.7 Critical Thinking about Biopsychological Claims 14 Case 1: José and the Bull 15 Case 2: Becky, Moniz, and Prefrontal Lobotomy 15
Themes Revisited 17 Think about It 18 Key Terms 18 Quick Review 19
Part Two Foundations of Biopsychology
2 Evolution, Genetics, and Experience 20 Thinking about the Biology of Behavior
2.1 Thinking about the Biology of Behavior: From Dichotomies to Interactions 21 Is It Physiological, or Is It Psychological? 21 Is It Inherited, or Is It Learned? 21 Problems with Thinking about the Biology of Behavior in Terms of Traditional Dichotomies 22 The Case of the Man Who Fell Out of Bed 22 The Case of the Chimps and the Mirrors 23 The Case of the Thinking Student 24
2.2 Human Evolution 24 Evolution and Behavior 26 Course of Human Evolution 27 Thinking about Human Evolution 29 Evolution of the Human Brain 31
Evolutionary Psychology: Understanding Mate Bonding 33 Thinking about Evolutionary Psychology 35
2.3 Fundamental Genetics 35 Mendelian Genetics 35 Chromosomes: Reproduction and Recombination 36 Chromosomes: Structure and Replication 36 Sex Chromosomes and Sex-Linked Traits 38 The Genetic Code and Gene Expression 38 Mitochondrial DNA 39 Modern Genetics 39
2.4 Behavioral Development: Interaction of Genetic Factors and Experience 42 Selective Breeding of Maze-Bright and Maze-Dull Rats 42 Phenylketonuria: A Single-Gene Metabolic Disorder 43 Development of Birdsong 44
2.5 Genetics of Human Psychological Differences 45 Development of Individuals versus Development of Differences among Individuals 46 Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart 46 Themes Revisited 48 Think about It 48 Key Terms 49 Quick Review 49 3 Anatomy of the Nervous System 50 Systems, Structures, and Cells That Make Up Your Nervous System
3.1 General Layout of the Nervous System 51 Divisions of the Nervous System 51 Meninges, Ventricles, and Cerebrospinal Fluid 53 Blood Brain Barrier 53
3.2 Cells of the Nervous System 55 Anatomy of Neurons 55 Glial Cells: The Forgotten Cells 57 3.3 Neuroanatomical Techniques and Directions 59 Neuroanatomical Techniques 59 Directions in the Vertebrate Nervous System 61 3.4 Spinal Cord 63 3.5 Five Major Divisions of the Brain 63 3.6 Major Structures of the Brain 64 Myelencephalon 64 Metencephalon 65 Mesencephalon 65 Diencephalon 66 Telencephalon 66 The Limbic System and the Basal Ganglia 69 Themes Revisited 73 Think about It 74 Key Terms 74 Quick Review 74 4 Neural Conduction and Synaptic Transmission 75 How Neurons Send and Receive Signals
The Lizard, a Case of Parkinson s Disease 76 4.1 Resting Membrane Potential 76 Recording the Membrane Potential 76 Resting Membrane Potential 76 Ionic Basis of the Resting Potential 77 4.2 Generation and Conduction of Postsynaptic Potentials 79 4.3 Integration of Postsynaptic Potentials and Generation of Action Potentials 80 4.4 Conduction of Action Potentials 82 Ionic Basis of Action Potentials 82 Refractory Periods 83 Axonal Conduction of Action Potentials 83